原文：
          节阀在安装及投运中应注意的几点问题

       1 是工业生产中非常常用和特别重要的控制设备，它工作正常与否直接关系到整个装置的生产正常与否。目前，随着技术的日新月异，的生产厂家及形式非常繁多，功能也各有不同，以下着重介绍各种型式的在安装及投运前应注意的共性问题。

     2 安装前的进货检验 的进货检验是一个非常重要的环节，以确认到货情况是否满足设计要求。的每项技术要求均应达到设计要求，但在进货检验时应着重检查如下几项内容。 2.1 阀体/阀内件规格 此项内容主要包括：阀型号、阀型式、公称通径、阀座尺寸、阀芯形式、流量特性、泄漏等级、阀体材质、阀芯材质、阀座材质、CV值、法兰标准等级尺寸及密封面形式等，只要发现其中有一样内容与设计不符均应征得设计的确定和认可。 2.2 执行机构部分 此项内容主要应检查执行机构型号、型式、球阀作用形式、弹簧范围、供气压力等。 2.3 定位器部分 此项内容主要检查定位器的输入信号、气源压力、电气和气源接口尺寸和防爆等级，其中防爆等级不得低于设计等级要求。 2.4 附件 根据的设计技术要求仔细清理各项附件，如过滤、阀位开关、、手轮机构、专用工具。以上各项内容的检验可以通过清理、计量器具、查看铭牌以及专用的检测手段（如法兰及螺栓材质可通过光谱分析来鉴别）等方法来实现。

      3 水压试验 阀体的水压试验包括阀体的耐压试验和阀芯全关时的泄漏试验。通常情况下，当设计压力超过10MPa的，阀体必须进行耐压试验以检验阀体本身和上阀盖的耐压情况。 3.1 耐压试验时应注意的问题 （1）阀体耐压试验采用蝶阀手动试压泵进行水压试验，严禁采用电动试压泵。 （2）试验介质为洁净的水。 （3）试验压力为设计压力的1.25倍。 （4）压力试验用的压力表应校验合格，其精确度不应低于1.5级，刻度上限值宜为试验压力的1.5～2倍。 （5）气开阀在进行阀的耐压试验时阀芯打开至少20%的开度，这一点务必紧记，以防止阀芯单侧受压过高而损坏。 通常情况下阀芯是允许一定的泄漏量的，执行器与附件 根据泄漏等级的差别，一般只要求对高差压的（V、VI级泄漏）进行泄漏试验。 3.2 泄漏试验时应注意的问题 （1）阀体耐压试验采用手动试压泵进行水压试验，严禁采用电动试压泵（VI级泄漏的阀采用气压试验）。 （2）试验介质为洁净的水（VI级泄漏的阀采用洁净的空气）。 （3）泄漏等级试验压力为阀工作时设计的最大差压（查看设计参数）。 （4）压力试验用的压力表应校验合格，其精确度不应低于1.5级，刻度上限值为试验压力的1.5～2倍。

        4 的单体调校 新安装的气动安装之前均应进行单体调校。调校应达到的性能指标： 基本误差：±1.5% 回程误差：1.5% 不灵敏区：0.6% 如今，凋节阀及电气定位器的生产厂家非常多，功能各异，电气阀门定位器趋向于智能化，具体调校方法有所不同，这里就不再赘述。 5 的安装 的安装是重点应注意的问题，通用阀门安装质量的好坏直接关系到的投运及性能。

       安装过程中应注意以下问题： （1）在安装之前，必须仔细地清除阀门在储存期间所累积的灰尘，在安装过程中也要保持清洁。因为灰尘杂质会使阀座和内件损坏。为了保护清洁，通常可在当天未焊的开口法兰端部装上盖板。 （2）安装时，阀体上的箭头应与介质流向一致。 （3）是精密构件，如果它们受到管道变形的应力，将破坏正常的工作。因此，法兰与管道安装应垂直并且位置准确以避免管道的变形。井且，管道要适当支撑，以防止它在阀门重量作用下发生弯曲变形。 （4）在与管道焊接时必须特别小心。若与管道焊接时注意不够，未能消除应力，则会产生变形。焊接时，必须严格避免焊渣飞溅入阀门内，焊渣的存在有损的性能，如果飞溅直接溅在阀芯上，轻则直接影响的动作，重则损坏阀芯和阀座。 （5）管道在试压和吹除时，应拆下，用相应的直管段相连以防止焊渣、闸阀铁削等杂物卡在阀芯与阀座之间。拆下的开口法兰端部应用塑料布包扎牢固。 6 的联动试验 在安装好后装置开车之前必须进行联动试验。

       联动试验应重点注意如下几点： （1）联动试验前工艺管道必须经过严格的吹扫并合格，吹扫未合格的管道严禁安装，因为管道内的残留物如焊渣、灰尘等硬质杂物会损坏阀芯与阀座密封面。 （2）在联动前应检查阀的两端不应带试压或封堵盲板。 （3）带手轮机构的，手轮机构应处于“释放”位置。检查供气压力是否达到各的供气要求。 7 结束语 在工业自动化仪表的安装过程中，的安装和投运最复杂、最有难度又最容易出问题。在整个过程中，仪表专业与管道专业应相互协调、互相支持、紧密配合，出现问题及时反映及时解决，严格按要求进行、按规程操作，只有这样才能顺利保证的安装质量和投运质量以保证整个安装项目的顺利进行和整个工业装置的顺利投产。

“ Analysis of the difference between ball valve and butterfly valve ”是由中国蝶阀网提供的阀门新闻，译文仅供参考。另外，中国蝶阀网还提供相关产品搜索： 电动蝶阀 、 气动蝶阀、 手动蝶阀 、 不锈钢蝶阀 、 对夹式蝶阀 、 衬氟蝶阀 等。

译文：
            Section in the Installation and operation of valve should be noted that several issues 1 is very commonly used in industrial production and the particular importance of the control equipment, it works or not directly related to the production of the device normally or not. Now, with advances in technology, manufacturers and the form of very many, also have different functions, the following highlights the various types of pre-installed and put into operation should pay attention to common problems. ? 2 installation inspection prior to purchase purchase inspection is a very important part, to confirm the arrival of whether to meet the design requirements. Each of the technical requirements shall meet the design requirements, but testing should be focused Bellows Seal Valves on checking in purchasing the following number of points. 2.1 Body / Trim Size The contents include: valve type, valve type, nominal diameter, valve seat size, spool form, flow characteristics, leakage levels, body material, valve material, seat material, CV, flange sealing surface of the standard grade size and format, as long as the same as that found does not match the content and design should be designed to identify and obtain approval. 2.2 The implementation of part of the implementing agencies should be examined mainly model, type, function form, spring range,Butterfly Valves gas pressure. 2.3 Part Locator locator check the contents of the main input signal, supply pressure, electric and gas source interface size and explosion-proof rating, proof of which shall not be less than the design grade level requirements. 2.4 Annex based design requires a careful cleaning of the accessories, such as filtration, valve position switches, hand wheel bodies, special tools. The content of the above test can clean up, measuring instruments, view the plate as well as specific testing methods (such as the flange and bolt material can be used to identify spectral analysis) and other methods to achieve. ? 3 hydraulic test pressure test valve body, including the pressure test and spool valve fully closed when the leak test. Typically, when the design pressure over 10MPa, the valve must be pressure test to test the body itself and the pressure on the valve cover the situation. 3.1 pressure test should pay attention to the problem (1) valve pressure test carried out by hand test pump pressure test, pressure test prohibited the use of electric pumps. (2) test medium for the clean water. (3) The test pressure Check Valves is 1.25 times the design pressure. (4) The pressure test gauge should be used to verify compliance with an accuracy not lower than 1.5, the upper limit of appropriate scale for the test pressure of 1.5 to 2 times. (5) gas valve during valve opening pressure test valve to open at least 20% of the opening, it must be borne in mind in order to prevent excessive pressure on the spool side damage. Usually Xia valve is to allow a certain amount of leakage, according to leaked Dengji the Cibie, 一般 only require right high differential pressure of (V, VI level leakage) for leak testing. 3.2 Leak testing should pay attention to the problem (1) valve pressure test carried out by hand test pump pressure test, prohibited the use of electric test pump (VI grade pneumatic valve leak test). (2) test medium for the clean water (VI level leak valve with clean air). (3) The test pressure for the valve leakage level design work, the maximum differential pressure (see the design parameters). (4) The pressure test gauge should be used to verify compliance with an accuracy not lower than 1.5, maximum scale value of the test pressure of 1.5 to 2 times. ? 4 single adjustment before the installation of the newly installed air should be adjusted to monomer. Adjust the performance to be achieved: Basic Error: ± 1.5% return error: 1.5% insensitive zone: 0.6% today and ends with a section of valve and electrical positioning device manufacturers are many different functions, electric valve positioner trend in intelligence, specific adjustments are different, not repeat them here. 5 is the focus of the installation of the installation should pay attention to the problem, install a direct bearing on the quality of the investment and operation and performance. Installation process should be aware of the following issues: (1) the installation, you must carefully remove the valve in the dust accumulated during storage, during the installation process should be kept clean. Because of dust and impurities within the seat will be damaged. In order to protect clean, usually on the same day the opening is not welded flange end cover installed. (2) installation, the arrow on the valve should be consistent with the medium flow. (3) is a precision component, if they were pipe deformation stress, will undermine the normal work. Therefore, the vertical flange and pipe installation and location should be accurate to avoid the pipe deformation. Wells and pipeline to be properly supportedPlug Valves to prevent it from occurring in the valves bending under the weight. (4) and pipe welding must be especially careful. If the pipe welding and inadequate attention to, not to eliminate stress, will be deformation. Welding, welding slag must be strictly avoided flying into the valve, the welding slag performance of prejudice, if the splash splashed directly on the spool, at worst a direct impact on action, while in damaged valve core and valve seat. (5) Pipeline pressure test and purging should be removed, with the corresponding straight sections connected in order to prevent welding slag, iron cutting and other debris stuck in between the spool and valve seat. Remove the open application end flange plastic sheets wrapped firmly. 6 After the linkage test in the installed devices must be linked before the test drive. Linkage test should focus on the following: (1) linkage of process piping before the trial must be strict and qualified purge, purge is prohibited without a qualified pipeline installation, because residues inside the tubes, such as welding slag, dust and other hard Miscellaneous materials may damage the valve core and valve seat sealing surface. (2) the valve should be checked before linkage ends with a pressure test should not be blind or blocking board. (3) organizationSafety Valves with a hand wheel, hand wheel bodies should be in the "release" position. Check whether the gas pressure in the gas requirements of all. 7 Conclusion installation of industrial process automation, installation and commissioning the most complex and most difficult and most difficult problems. Throughout the process, instrumentation, pipe major in professional and mutual coordination and support each other and meet, was responsive to solve problems in a timely manner in strict accordance with Yaoqiu were, by order Caozuo, 只有 achieve the successful installation quality assurance and commissioning Zhi Liang Yi guarantee the smooth installation of the project and the industrial installations went into operation.

原文来源：http://www.1diefa.com/

2010-09-01 07:43

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